Zero Based Budgeting Emerged To Overcome The Limitations Of Incremental Budgets Accounting Essay

Zero Based Budgeting Emerged To Overcome The Limitations Of Incremental Budgets Accounting Essay Zero-based budgeting emerged to overcome the limitations of incremental budgets. This approach requires that all activities are justified and prioritized before decisions are taken relating to the amount of resources allocated to each activity. Besides adopting a zero-based approach zero-base budgeting also focuses on programmes or activities instead of functional departments based on line-items which is a feature of traditional budgeting. Programmes normally relate to various activities undertaken by municipal or government organizations. Zero-based budgeting works from the premise that projected expenditure for existing programmes should start from base zero, with each years budgets being compiled as if the programmes were being launched for the first time. The budgetees should present their requirements for appropriations in such a fashion that all funds can be allocated on the basis of cost-benefit or some similar kind of evaluative analysis. The cost-benefit approach is an attempt to ensure value of money, it question long-standing assumptions and serves as a toll for systematically examining and perhaps abandoning any unproductive projects. Thats why more and more non-profit making organizations, including Oxfam Hong Kong, consider using Zero-based budgeting as an approach to judge a best solution of the organizations. Background of Oxfam Hong Kong Oxfam Hong Kong is one of non-profit making organizations. It is an independent international development and humanitarian organization working against poverty and related injustice. It recognized that much poverty is caused by injustice and that poverty alleviation requires economic, social and structural change. It worked with people facing poverty and with partner organizations on development, humanitarian, policy advocacy and public education programmes. How zero-based budgeting could be used at Oxfam Hong Kong Most organizations, including Oxfam Hong Kong, may use incremental budgeting system for their budgetary process. However, this approach has a serious drawback. The budgetary process for coming year usually uses previous budget allocation as a basis of allocation. That may incurred increase or decrease in budget for the coming year based on the budget allocation. It is because the percentage of allocation is without full examination of this allocation basis. Incremental budgeting system assumes that the situation will continue in the same way. Zero-based budgeting could be used to remedy this serious drawback in incremental budgeting system. The best suitable activities in Zero-based budgeting To use zero-based budgeting as an approach, some activities are very suitable to use. For example: Limited resource of labours Oxfam Hong Kong is a non-profit making organization that it is always faced with limited resource of labours because major labours are volunteers that it often has not salaries. To organize an activity such as donation of poverty countries, it is a large project that it needs a lot of human resource. The allocation of resource is very important if the organization is faced with limited resource of labours. Zero-based budgeting can efficiently allocate resource of each department. Zero-based budgeting will define and evaluate decision packages of human resource and appropriate allocation by ranking of decision packages. Judgment of consignment or in-house Oxfam Hong Kong always creates a lot of activities about the donation of poverty countries. To encourage more donations, the organization always produces some souvenirs to donators. The souvenirs are also a part of cost that Oxfam Hong Kong will be considered to produce by consignment or in-house processing. It is because Oxfam Hong Kong would likely choose inexpensive method. It is very suitable to use zero-based budgeting to the identification. Although incremental budgeting system or activity-based budgeting can determine the cost of production by consignment or in-house processing, it only use department as a base which is less accurate than zero-based budgeting. It is because zero-based budgeting is based on activity which is more accurate than incremental budgeting system or activity-based budgeting. The advantages of Zero-based budgeting More and more non-profit organizations choose Zero-based budgeting rather than Incremental budgeting for their decision making because Zero-based budgeting has following advantages which Incremental budgeting is ignored. Inappropriate activities are not undertaken Traditional budgeting trends to extrapolate the past by adding a percentage increase to the current year. Zero-based budgeting avoids the deficiencies of incremental budgeting and represents a move towards the allocation of resources by need or benefit. Thus, unlike traditional budgeting the level of funding is not taken for granted. For example, when Oxfam Hong Kong has limited resource such as labour hour, the allocation of resources is being very important. Then Zero-based budgeting can help Oxfam Hong Kong to select the best solution of the allocation by ranking of decision packages. Finally, inappropriate solutions are not adopted. Enhance motivation The documentation of decision packages also leads to a deeper staff and management knowledge of all the operation and activities of the organization and can enhance communication, participation and therefore motivation. Oxfam Hong Kong can indirectly motivate the staff. It is because all departments especially management department in Oxfam Hong Kong need to communicate with other departments to make a consensus of the decision packages. Concerning value for money Zero-based budgeting focuses attention on outputs in relation to value for money. Through this value for money approach, inefficient and obsolete operations are identified so that wastage can be eliminated and a more efficient allocation of resources to activities and departments can be achieved. Therefore, Oxfam Hong Kong can indirectly reduce the cost of selection of decision because the wastage is reduced and the allocation of resource is being efficient. Problem of Zero-based budgeting Actually, no method is perfect. Zero-based budgeting also exists problems that Oxfam Hong Kong should be faced. More costly and time consuming The preparation of decision packages can generate a great volume of paperwork especially for a large project or activity and will require a considerable management skill. Therefore, Oxfam Hong Kong should be provided more training and education about concepts of application of Zero-based budgeting to the management department because Zero-based budgeting must be clearly understood by managers at various levels to be successfully implemented. The running cost is directly increased. Also, Zero-based budgeting will requires gathering, analysis and evaluation of large amounts of data that the management department faced with much workload and it is very time consuming. Problems of identifying ranking packages Subjective judgment and political pressure are unavoidable in ranking packages and allocation of resources and may create departmental conflicts. Different types and natures of activities across different departments, particularly with qualitative rather than quantitative benefits, may give rise to the problem of ranking. Oxfam Hong Kong is confused of the decision packages because it is difficult to define decision units and decision packages and sometimes subjective judgment is needed. Also, management may be exaggerated skews the results if it is unreliable. Then, the decision packages are became inaccurate. Relationship between management and staff deterioration The questioning attitude of zero-based budgeting is not always acceptable to staff or management because they may view it as a threat to their existing implied rights. For example, management department and accounting department have different ideas of decision packages. Each department does not agree with the other side ideas. The cooperation and motivation among the management and staff may deteriorate. Therefore, it may influence the relationship of each department in Oxfam Hong Kong. http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/accounting/zero-based-budgeting.php http://www.finweb.com/financial-planning/pros-and-cons-of-zero-based-budgeting.html http://www1.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/fm_nov07_p48-53.pdf

file vaults :: essays research papers

File Vault Help This software is free to use. In a recent article in Defense News (Vol 12 No 31) Aug 4-10, 1997 William Crowell, National Security Agency deputy director said "If a product of 64-bit strength were used by a military org... it would take 6,000 to 7,000 years to recover just one message." 1. File Vault - 64-bit (8 bytes) block encryption algorithm variable length key up to 448 bits File Vault - Places a number of user selected files in a single self extracting / self decrypting executable file called a File Vault. A File Vault can be sent easily to anyone over the internet and only accessed with your password. The recipient of a File Vault does not have to have any special software installed to decrypt or access a file vault. Each File Vault is totally self contained. This makes for easy attaching, receiving and general use. File Vault allows you to open the vault, access the files, then close the vault which performs a secure wipe of the files from the disk surface. In an encrypted file vault, filename information is encrypted too, so if someone examines the vault with a disk editor, no information on contents is available other than the optional description line entered during creation. Great for "Your Eyes Only" files... The encryption algorithm is the highly regarded BLOWFISH by Bruce Schneier, world renowned Cryptographer. See VGP information below for more detail. File Vault is available at... www.alcuf.ca/fv - - - - A word on compression: When you use Winzip or other compression utilities from Windows, they often will create temporary files that can reside on the users system which are complete duplicate files, or parts of files that you would rather be fully secured. Therefore, rather than zipping files and containing them in a vault, build a vault first which securly containes your files, and then create the zip (or other archive) file. That way any temporary stuff created by the archiver will be encrypted and remain secure. - - - - 2. Other free utilities included with File Vault --------------------------------------------- The following utilities are stand alone utilities that reside on your File Vault directory. These can be moved or deleted as you wish. DISKWIPE.EXE (and diskinfo.dll) - this utility is used to securly remove deleted information from a hard drive to prevent undeleting. Let's say you have a bunch of stuff you just deleted, and need to make sure nothing that was on the system can be undeleted and accessed again. This utility creates a file the size of the free remaining space on your drive and fills it with space, then deletes it.

Brief Encounters

â€Å"Brief Encounters† is actually an adaptation of Noel Coward’s 1936 one-act play, â€Å"Still Life. † It came out as a film in 1945. Set in the backdrop of World War II in 1945, the story tells of how Laura Jesson, a housewife and Alec Harvey, a married doctor, get to slowly build a forbidden romance. They met at a certain cafe in a railway station and set a rendezvous at the same place on several occasions. With that, a certain friendship based on companionship which eventually grew into love was formed. They arranged to meet at occasional opportune moments hence the title, Brief Encounters.The two kept on with the relationship, stealing brief moments to see each other. Then after, when Alec needed to leave the country for a job in South Africa, they said goodbye to each other and finally put an end to their especially-colored friendship. Alec and Laura met on the same cafe at the train station. (Chadderton 1) Plot When Laura needed to go to Milford town, sh e usually goes for shopping and sees a film at the cinema. It was when she got a grit in her eye on the way home when she met Alec Harvey, a general practitioner who goes to the hospital as a consultant.Both of them are married and have two children. The two arrange another set of rendezvous and suddenly found that their friendship develops into love. This somehow affected Laura’s relationship with her husband Fred. Secretly, they meet, wary of possible chance encounters with common acquaintances, probably with a certain longing to spend more time with each other in private. There was this one time, after a certain number of meetings that they went to Alec’s friend, Valentine Dyall’ apartment.It is upon chance also that this friend of the doctor’s suddenly arrives that our heroine needed to leave the scene through the fire exit. It seemed though that all situations surrounding the lovers did not permit them to achieve the happiness that they wanted to hav e together. Destiny wanted to tell them that they have to face the reality that they are tied to responsibilities in their respective families that the two decided to stop seeing each other. The last meeting that they had was when Alec heads to Johannesburg, South Africa. Laura went to see him off at the same train station in Milford where they first met.At the opportune time that they were seeing each other for the last time, a certain friend of Laura’s named Dolly Messiter appears and gets to sit with them, uninvited. Until the end, the relationship seemed to have stood among rocks and even the last meeting has been only a brief encounter. Meanwhile, in contrast to their love affair, the leads were surrounded by other younger couples who were freer to love, were victorious in their relationship and were able to have the opportunity to experience passion. Myrtle, the station manager and Albert, the guard, started an affair that was more open and passionate.The waitress, Bery l relished the gift of young and first love with cake-seller Stanley. Beryl’s dance scenes has far dimmed out and at the same time placed a brighter spotlight to an unconsummated love affair between Laura and Alec. The story, which is all about having secret love affairs, is quite a common occurrence already during the time when the play was originally released. It might not seem to be a new concept that everyone would die to see but due to the vividness of the emotions of the characters, especially the woman, it appealed to a great number of audiences.Its being told in the woman’s point of view really makes it much of a demonstration of repressed emotions and repressed sexuality, capturing real life human passion from every commoner’s life happenings. The original play has been adapted by various theaters in the United Kingdom such as the Oxford Stage and The Liverpool Playhouse among others. The latest and most talked about adaptation is that of the Kneehigh T heatre, a London-based international theater group, directed by their artistic director, Emma Rice, getting all praises from reviews and critics.Kneehigh Theatre started out small with a teacher giving workshops in Cornwall in 1980, after which they started giving out shows for the common people of Cornwall and up until now, they remained in that place by choice. It is where they believe that they can produce the most possible fruits of creativity. â€Å"†¦we always try to start the creative process at these barns, to be inspired by our environment and where we work. † (Sheperd 2) The theatre is 28 years old now and has gathered quite a number of patron, or more so, devotee audiences.Their creative work usually rested upon the spirit of the eccentricity, sometimes also urbanely surreal and crazy. I’ve known of usual scenes in the city with upbeat and loud music used to be their signature style with added hoisting-in-the-air fantasies that ought to be their normal. For this recent adaptation of Noel Coward’s Brief encounters, there was quite a noted shift in this style – not actually a shift but a different attack. The characters stayed more on the ground and were more real and conventional. We saw characters full of emotions and humanity.This then proves the Kneehigh to be much more flexible and lived up to what they have been for the past 28 years. Upon the entrance to the Haymarket Theater, a foreboding message that this is â€Å"the 1940’s† plays as the blue curtains covers the stage. There was something about the lighting and music that reflect the 1940’s and has given the audience a feel of watching and being in a real 1940’s film. More treat comes way as actors themselves in 1940s costume usher in the audience. The idea of love in a repressed society in that specific time finds a good haven in this setting. The use of this technique has established the setting very well.It did not just show, bu t it would transport any onlooker to the time when the play was set. It was like watching the original film, although with more visual treats, and more elaborateness. It’s surprising though that the play has incorporated cinema in it. Some scenes were live on stage, some were onscreen and at most, they were a combination of both. This combination of theater and cinema provided an aura of a film that is coming to life. The black and white cinematic scenes makes the conveyance of the setting and dramatic situation more effective and made the adaptation of the play more accurate.In the cinema scene, the film used was the original Brief Encounters film with Laura and Alec sitting among the audience. An enigmatic and slightly comical effect was elicited from this manipulation. In the scene where Alec was trying to ask Laura if she feels the same for him, the sudden appearance of Fred (Laura’s husband) on the screen has given this dreamy effect to the play and comes to inten sify the much repressed emotions of Laura. The scene communicates much the idea of the characters waking up from a dream and having to face their responsibilities again.The incorporation of cinema in the show also solved what previous adaptations lacked in: sincerity and real emotions. In the cinema, character’s faces are focused and that would make the audience share the feelings of the characters. In this play, the use of proper stage acting caught what was there in the cinema. The acting of the characters was really effective and the cinematic effects helped a lot. Tristan Sturrock and Naomi Frederick shared a compatibility which made them seem inseparable as Laura and Alec. Since it was the 1930s, much modesty was observed in their relationship.Maybe the scene wherein they were undressing after plummeting down the river can be considered as one of the most erotic scenes. During that time though, it was necessary that simple handshakes and cups of coffee should be enough t o express love for each other. In the said scene scene, both were catching up with their modesty but failed as they ended up kissing. The recurring water waving into the screen intensified the idea of passion in the love affair and probably another attempt at depicting repression. Even so, an emotional connection between the two characters was very much established despite the limitation of romantic contac.The play has actually lived up to the original playwright. Not a lot of characters are needed to craft the play into something that is large, grandiose and festive. The presence of other couples has set love into three categories: a freer love affair for two people among the working class, young love that transcends all classes and a forbidden, unconsummated love. The impact of the fact that most of the audience already knew how it would end all the more made the movie heart-wrenching than ever. Those brief encounters between Alec and Laura made them seem as if they were stealing their chances on temporary happiness.Most wonderful is the use of the props vis-a-vis the use of the film clips and the maximization of the stage space. In Alec’s first departure from Laura, Alec hopped into a small toy train which made an ironic spectacle. Contrast it to how they made the ending: across the front of the stage, they pulled a vast amount of screen material in which a storey-high clip of the train where our Alec rode off shot across the entire stage with Laura attempting to jump with a highly dramatic death. The contrast was quite an impact. A trampoline was utilized for Stanley’s entrance to the cafe, Beryl used a red scooter and rode around it.She threw it away in an angered fit of tantrums. On the other hand, Laura’s children were played by two puppets. Some scenes used the screen as background. The use of the small objects gives a sort of a treat to the heaviness of the feelings of the audience. The use of the big train in contrast to the smal l props will make you cringe with the climax of the story. It magnified the dramatic sad ending of the story. Never could be an adaptation be more effective. It cannot be anymore clever and brilliant. It is a celebration of cinematography, theater and the totality of the elements of the performance.The incorporation of the film clips made it more effective in the sense. If one will refer to reviews of other adaptations of this play, it would seem that the Kneehigh Theatre’s production is the best of after the film. Liverpool Playhouse’s version back to back with another of Coward’s works received the ire of the Catalyst Reviews thus saying: â€Å"The plays could easily have been turned into radio plays – visually seeing them was largely unnecessary – the sound effects, notably of steam trains passing through the station could easily have been transferred to the radio.† (Serjent 12) Another rework shown at Burton Taylor which was directed by Christchurch student Georgie Paget got equally the same criticism although at notch milder. Alison Ireland of BBC made a rundown of the setting and the characters: A table in a station refreshment room is not so prominent on stage and the staff, who provide a comic, lower-class backdrop for the lofty tragic romance, are equals and fundamentally superiors in ‘Still Life' – their robust humour, sensible decision-making, clear view of priorities and no-nonsense view of the world shows the upper class ‘love' affair for the anaemic misery it really is.(2) As for Kneehigh Theatre’s reviews, nothing could be seen but all praises. In Rice's hands Brief Encounter is a clever, gimmicky production that has its fair share of [humor]. Yet there's passion, tenderness and sensitivity in abundance; if you start to think about Johnson and Howard, it probably doesn't last long because the two main characters are exceptional individually and as a couple. (Orme 4) Kneehigh the atre is sure known for its inventiveness and ingenuity. Any piece of playwright given to them is like being put in the hands of a very powerful magician.Even the â€Å"Royal Shakespeare Company entrusted them with Shakespeare's late â€Å"problem† play Cymbeline which Kneehigh took to Stratford as part of the Complete Works Festival. † (Orme2) Coward’s work fell into good hands with Kneehigh Theatre. It became a masterpiece that we only briefly encounter. References Chadderton, David. (2009) Reviews –Brief Encounter. The British Theatre Guide. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. britishtheatreguide. info/reviews/briefenkneehighDC-rev. htm. Orme, Steve.(2007) Reviews – Brief Encounter. The British Theatre Guide. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. britishtheatreguide. info/reviews/briefenckneehigh-rev. htm. Serjent, Colin. (n. d. ) Noel Coward's ‘The Astonished Heart’ and ‘Still Life. ’ The Catalyst Reviews. Ret rieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. catalystmedia. org. uk/issues/misc/reviews/Noel_coward. htm Shepherd, Mike. (2008). Introduction to the Kneehigh Theatre. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. kneehigh. co. uk/about-us/an-introduction. php.

Ante Pavelic, Croatian War Criminal

Ante Pavelic, Croatian War Criminal Of all the Nazi-era war criminals who escaped to Argentina after World War Two, it is possible to argue that Ante Pavelić (1889-1959), the â€Å"Poglavnik,† or â€Å"chief† of wartime Croatia, was the vilest. Pavelic was the head of the Ustase party which ruled Croatia as a puppet of the Nazi regime in Germany, and their actions, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews and Gypsies, sickened even those Nazi advisors stationed there. After the war, Pavelic fled to Argentina, where he lived openly and unrepentant for several years. He died in Spain in 1959 of wounds suffered in an assassination attempt. Pavelic Before the War Ante Pavelić was born on July 14, 1889 in the town of Bradina in Herzegovina, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time. As a young man, he trained as a lawyer and was very active politically. He was one of many Croatians who chafed at his people becoming part of the Kingdom of Serbia and subject to a Serbian king. In 1921 he entered politics, becoming an official in Zagreb. He continued to lobby for Croatian independence and by the late 1920’s he had established the Ustase Party, which openly supported fascism and an independent Croatian state. In 1934, Pavelić was part of a conspiracy which resulted in the assassination of King Alexander of Yugoslavia. Pavelić was arrested but released in 1936. Pavelić and the Croatian Republic Yugoslavia was suffering from great internal turmoil, and in 1941 the Axis powers invaded and conquered the troubled nation. One of the first actions of the Axis was to set up a Croatian State, the capital of which was Zagreb. Ante Pavelić was named Poglavnik, a word which means â€Å"leader† and is not unlike the term fà ¼hrer adopted by Adolf Hitler. The Independent State of Croatia, as it was called, was actually a puppet state of Nazi Germany. Pavelić established a regime led by the vicious Ustase party which would be responsible for some of the most horrible crimes committed during the war. During the war, Pavelić met with many European leaders including Adolf Hitler and Pope Pius XII, who personally blessed him.    Ustase War Crimes The repressive regime quickly began acting against the Jews, Serbs and Roma (gypsies) of the new nation. The Ustase eliminated their legal rights of their victims, stole their property and finally murdered them or sent them to death camps. The Jasenovac death camp was established and anywhere from 350,000 to 800,000 Serbs, Jews and Roma were murdered there during the war years. The Ustase slaughter of these helpless people made even hardened German Nazis flinch. Ustase leaders called on Croatian citizens to murder their Serbian neighbors with pickaxes and hoes if need be. The slaughter of thousands was done in broad daylight, with no attempt made to cover it up. Gold, jewels and treasure from these victims went directly into Swiss bank accounts or into the pockets and treasure chests of the Ustase.   Pavelić Flees In May of 1945, Ante Pavelić realized the Axis cause was a lost one and decided to run. He reportedly had about $80 million in treasure with him, looted from his victims. He was joined by some soldiers and some of his high-ranking Ustase cronies. He decided to try and make for Italy, where he hoped the Catholic Church would shelter him. Along the way, he passed through zones controlled by the British and it is assumed he bribed some British officers to let him through. He also stayed in the American zone for a while before making his way to Italy in 1946. It is believed that he traded intelligence and money to the Americans and British for safety: they may have also left him alone as partisans were fighting the new communist regime in Yugoslavia in his name. Arrival in South America Pavelić found shelter with the Catholic Church, as he had hoped. The church had been very friendly with the Croatian regime, and also helped hundreds of war criminals escape after the war. Eventually Pavelić decided that Europe was just too dangerous and headed to Argentina, arriving in Buenos Aires in November of 1948. He still had millions of dollars’ worth of gold and other treasures stolen from the victims of his murderous regime. He traveled under an alias (and a new beard and mustache) and was warmly welcomed by the administration of President Juan Domingo Peron. He wasn’t alone: at least 10,000 Croatians – many of them war criminals – went to Argentina after the war. Pavelić in Argentina Pavelić set up shop in Argentina, attempting to overthrow the regime of new President Josip Broz Tito from half a world away. He set up a government in exile, with himself as president and his former undersecretary of the Interior, Dr. Vjekoslav Vrancic, as vice-President. Vrancic had been in charge of the repressive, murderous police forces in the Croatian Republic. Assassination Attempt and Death In 1957, a would-be assassin fired six shots at Pavelić on the street in Buenos Aires, hitting him twice. Pavelić was rushed to a doctor and survived. Although the assailant was never caught, Pavelić always believed him to be an agent of the Yugoslav communist regime. Because Argentina was becoming too dangerous for him – his protector, Peron, had been ousted in 1955 – Pavelić went to Spain, where he continued trying to subvert the Yugoslav government. The wounds he suffered in the shooting were serious, however, and he never fully recovered from them. He died on December 28, 1959. Of all of the Nazi war criminals and collaborators who escaped justice after World War Two, Pavelić is quite arguably the worst. Josef Mengele tortured inmates at the Auschwitz death camp, but he tortured them one at a time. Adolf Eichmann and Franz Stangl were responsible for organizing systems which killed millions, but they were operating within the framework of Germany and the Nazi party and could claim to have only been following orders. Pavelić, on the other hand, was the commander-in-chief of a sovereign nation, and under his personal direction, that nation coldly, brutally and systematically went about the business of slaughtering hundreds of thousands of its own citizens. As war criminals go, Pavelić was up there with Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Unfortunately for his victims, Pavelić’s knowledge and money kept him safe after the war, when Allied forces should have captured him and turned him over to Yugoslavia (where his death sentence would have come swiftly and surely). The aid given to this man by the Catholic Church and the nations of Argentina and Spain are also great stains on their respective human rights records. In his later years, he was increasingly considered a bloodstained dinosaur and if he had lived long enough, he may have eventually been extradited and put on trial for his crimes. It would be of little comfort to his victims to know that he died in great pain from his wounds, increasingly bitter and frustrated at his continuing irrelevance and inability to re-establish a new Croatian regime.    Sources: Ante Pavelic. Moreorless.net. Goà ±i, Uki. The Real Odessa: Smuggling the Nazis to Peron’s Argentina. London: Granta, 2002.

Lyrics essays

Lyrics essays Controversy in the content of todays lyrics is not a new issue. It has been debated on for quite some time. There are many different views on regulations and control over what an artist should or should not say. Targeting artists for the content of their work should not be a concern of the media. Each artist has the right to speak and record what he or she wants. Todays media has targeted artists saying that young children will be corrupted by hearing the words in some of the top songs that are played on MTV. One of the biggest controversies is over the artist Eminems lyrics. Eminems multi-platinum selling albums are said to promote homophobia and violence. It has been said that Eminems lyrics will brainwash the children that listen to his lyrics into becoming violent, gay bashing, rebels that carry guns and abuse women. Yes, some of Eminems lyrics can be extreme and questionable, but isnt it the parents responsibility to monitor what their children are watching and listening to. Many say that by playing artists like Eminems videos MTV is supporting violence against homosexuals and women. Somehow these people dont seem to realize that the videos played on MTV are the clean version of the songs. These videos are edited for the content. Parents should view the videos and listen to the records that their children are experiencing. Parents should also talk to their children about what is right and wrong. The question is always asked, How do children get these records with this content? The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) labels records with controversial or offensive content explicit. Stickers are placed on album covers with the words Parental Advisory, Explicit Content. The RIAA determines what albums should have the stickers placed on them. Many record stores will not sell an al ...

Second-Hand Smokers and Harmful Effects on People from All Ages Research Paper - 1

Second-Hand Smokers and Harmful Effects on People from All Ages - Research Paper Example Second-hand smoking as the health departments put it, apart from causing diseases also worsens the already existing health conditions. This conditions that may worsen from inhaling smoke from cigarettes and even marijuana include asthma, pneumonia, heart disease, and even bronchitis. For those getting exposure to this smoke in longer terms face the problem of developing, fatal, and chronic heart diseases. On the other hand, brief exposure cause health problems such as stuffy nose, headaches, irritation of the eyes and sinuses, coughing, headaches, and even triggering heart or breathing problems. The heart problems arise from the fact that the smoke from the cigarettes makes blood thicker, thus raising the level of "bad cholesterol" and damages the lining of one's blood vessel, this in turn results to heart problems, heart attacks, and eventually death. This smoke is even worse when it comes to pregnant women, children and even babies, when pregnant women inhale this smoke the effect mainly goes to the babies, the most likely scenario, in this case, is underweight babies, development of pneumonia, ear infections, and even ‘sudden infant death syndrome.' Medical practitioners state that children are often at a greater risk than the adults are; this is because their bodies are still on the growth stage thus they tend to breathe more than the adults do. Second-hand smoking causes chronic coughing and wheezing, ear infections, severe and frequent asthma attack, and lower respiratory illnesses.

Kino and Juana's reaction after finding the pearl Essay

Kino and Juana's reaction after finding the pearl - Essay Example Waste treatment is hazardous should also get opposed in the neighborhood. The deep injector, as well as the waste incinerator, possess threats to humanity, therefore, should be opposed from being constructed in the society (Barrow 34). There should be set up strategies to regulate the solid waste. One of the strategies is the location restriction. The strategy should ensure that the landfills get constructed in the most suitable areas. Another strategy is the operating practices. It incorporates the covering as well as compacting waste with soil to eliminate odor. There should also be the monitoring requirements on the ground water. The water should be tested constantly to ensure there is no escape of the waste materials from the landfills (Barrow 44). Among the strategies that should be used is the creation of public awareness on the waste strategies. Infrastructure should also be improved to hold hazardous waste. There should also be the establishment of the council to assess and also regulate toxic substances. The state should also take a major role towards the prevention of waste and use of toxic products by consumers. Water is a basic necessity of a man alongside being an economic good. Raising its cost means that people who earn low income will not manage to handle it and, therefore, raising the price of water should get opposed. Government subsidies that enhance farmers to access water at affordable prices should not get withdrawn since it will affect both the lives of farmers together with the economy of the state. Provision of government subsidies that will enhance efficiency in irrigation should be encouraged since it will improve people’s life as well as enhancing economic growth (Barrow 54). There are various human activities that accelerate flooding. Blasting is one of the human activities that cause flooding. It results to landslides in hill and mountain slopes that may result in damming of streams and rivers. There should